Endometriosis

Diagnosis usually starts with your GP, who will ask about your symptoms and may arrange a pelvic ultrasound. A specialised transvaginal ultrasound or MRI can show some endometriosis, and a gynaecologist may suggest laparoscopy (keyhole surgery) to confirm it. A normal scan does not rule endometriosis out, so keep talking to your GP if symptoms continue.

While lifestyle changes cannot cure endometriosis, they can help manage symptoms. Regular exercise, a healthy diet, stress management, and complementary therapies such as acupuncture or yoga may help reduce pain and improve quality of life. It is important to work closely with a healthcare provider to determine the best approach.

The exact cause of endometriosis is not fully understood, but several theories exist, including retrograde menstruation (where menstrual blood flows backward into the pelvic cavity), genetic factors, immune system dysfunction, and the spread of endometrial-like cells through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Hormonal factors also play a role in the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus.

Common symptoms of endometriosis include pelvic pain (often severe, especially during menstruation), heavy menstrual periods, pain during intercourse, pain with bowel movements or urination (especially during menstruation), fatigue, and, in some cases, infertility. The severity of symptoms can vary widely from person to person.